11312 modules
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LAWS3177 2029-30
Comparative Internet Law
This module introduces you to the comparative law methodology in the substantive context of ‘internet law’. As the internet has blurred jurisdictional boundaries and confronted states with their clashing legal normativities, it provides a fertile field for comparative law. Why can Europe and the US with many common cultural roots not agree on a common perspective on freedom of expression or privacy? What lies behind the First Amendment’s absolutism and how ‘absolute’ is it in fact? Equally, what are the cultural foundations of the legal insistence in Europe on privacy-in-public and online civility? Taking it a step further, how are Western foundational norms, such as free expression or privacy, received in collectivist cultures in the East? The module engages with some of the most pressing questions that the international community has faced on how the internet as a (global) public good should or should not be regulated. -
PAIR3039 2028-29
Comparative Party Politics
Political parties are key actors in articulating popular demands and representing them in the policymaking process, mobilizing the masses and recruiting and socialising political elites. This course examines how parties perform these functions in Western European states. The first part of the module will focus on the main theoretical approaches to understand political parties. The second part of the module will analyze in detail recent changes in party organizations, party ideology as well as the role of parties beyond the confines of the nation state at the EU level.
The course is divided into three forms of instruction: lectures, seminars and computer labs. The computer labs will introduce students to datasets related to political parties and the software to analyse this data. -
PAIR2031 2027-28
Comparative Party Politics
Political parties are key actors in articulating popular demands and representing them in the policymaking process, mobilizing the masses and recruiting and socialising political elites. This course examines how parties perform these functions in Western European states. The first part of the module will focus on the main theoretical approaches to understand political parties. The second part of the module will analyze in detail recent changes in party organizations, party ideology as well as the role of parties beyond the confines of the nation state at the EU level. -
PAIR2031 2028-29
Comparative Party Politics
Political parties are key actors in articulating popular demands and representing them in the policymaking process, mobilizing the masses and recruiting and socialising political elites. This course examines how parties perform these functions in Western European states. The first part of the module will focus on the main theoretical approaches to understand political parties. The second part of the module will analyze in detail recent changes in party organizations, party ideology as well as the role of parties beyond the confines of the nation state at the EU level. -
PAIR3039 2029-30
Comparative Party Politics
Political parties are key actors in articulating popular demands and representing them in the policymaking process, mobilizing the masses and recruiting and socialising political elites. This course examines how parties perform these functions in Western European states. The first part of the module will focus on the main theoretical approaches to understand political parties. The second part of the module will analyze in detail recent changes in party organizations, party ideology as well as the role of parties beyond the confines of the nation state at the EU level.
The course is divided into three forms of instruction: lectures, seminars and computer labs. The computer labs will introduce students to datasets related to political parties and the software to analyse this data. -
PAIR1002 2025-26
Comparative Politics
Are you curious about politics around the world? Have you ever wondered why countries develop such different political systems—why some build strong democracies while others face democratic backsliding? At the same time, why do global political trends, like the crisis of political representation, seem to emerge across vastly different societies?
In this module, we will explore these critical questions. You will learn key concepts and theories that explain how political systems function worldwide. We will also examine how social scientists have studied these issues scientifically, and you will be challenged to think critically about the tools used to classify and analyze political systems.
Through this journey, you will sharpen your analytical and critical thinking skills, move beyond the headlines, challenge conventional wisdom, and develop new perspectives on the forces shaping contemporary politics.
Pre-requisite for PAIR2031, PAIR2037, PAIR3039 and PAIR3046 -
PAIR1002 2026-27
Comparative Politics
Are you curious about politics around the world? Have you ever wondered why countries develop such different political systems—why some build strong democracies while others face democratic backsliding? At the same time, why do global political trends, like the crisis of political representation, seem to emerge across vastly different societies?
In this module, we will explore these critical questions. You will learn key concepts and theories that explain how political systems function worldwide. We will also examine how social scientists have studied these issues scientifically, and you will be challenged to think critically about the tools used to classify and analyze political systems.
Through this journey, you will sharpen your analytical and critical thinking skills, move beyond the headlines, challenge conventional wisdom, and develop new perspectives on the forces shaping contemporary politics.
Pre-requisite for PAIR2031, PAIR2037, PAIR3039 and PAIR3046 -
PAIR1002 2027-28
Comparative Politics
Are you curious about politics around the world? Have you ever wondered why countries develop such different political systems—why some build strong democracies while others face democratic backsliding? At the same time, why do global political trends, like the crisis of political representation, seem to emerge across vastly different societies?
In this module, we will explore these critical questions. You will learn key concepts and theories that explain how political systems function worldwide. We will also examine how social scientists have studied these issues scientifically, and you will be challenged to think critically about the tools used to classify and analyze political systems.
Through this journey, you will sharpen your analytical and critical thinking skills, move beyond the headlines, challenge conventional wisdom, and develop new perspectives on the forces shaping contemporary politics.
Pre-requisite for PAIR2031, PAIR2037, PAIR3039 and PAIR3046 -
PAIR6077 2025-26
Comparative Public Administration
This course provides an introduction to comparative public administration by looking at shared theoretical approaches and common problems. It does not provide descriptions of the system of public administration in any single country. The course addresses two key aims of the degree: a knowledge and critical understanding of the core theoretical perspectives in the field; and a critical understanding of the main issues and events that have shaped the development of Public Administration in different national and sub-national settings. The course will give you an understanding of the diverse contexts in which decision makers confront shared problems and the variety of solutions adopted. -
PAIR6077 2027-28
Comparative Public Administration
This course provides an introduction to comparative public administration by looking at shared theoretical approaches and common problems. It does not provide descriptions of the system of public administration in any single country. The course addresses two key aims of the degree: a knowledge and critical understanding of the core theoretical perspectives in the field; and a critical understanding of the main issues and events that have shaped the development of Public Administration in different national and sub-national settings. The course will give you an understanding of the diverse contexts in which decision makers confront shared problems and the variety of solutions adopted.